And while thick thighs may save lives, thick phones definitely don't sell well. This is okay for a short telephoto, as found on iPhones and OnePlus flagships, however, for more than a two or three times magnification, smartphones would need to be very thick. So if greater distance equates to more reach, a powerful zoom on a smartphone needs a lens that's far away from its corresponding sensor – making for a thick camera. This logic is kind of like a telescope – extend the telescope > increase the distance between the lens and your eye > see further into the distance. The further a camera lens is from the sensor, the further the reach of the camera or the more 'telephoto' it is. The camera setup on the P30 Pro, including a periscope cam (Image credit: Huawei) Zoom lenses and periscope cameras But before diving into periscope zoom tech, we need to understand how zoom lenses work. It's almost time to talk about 2019 – the year of the periscope camera. Okay, we're done with camera zoom terminology 101. Why does optical zoom deliver more detail? Because the zoomed image is captured by the whole sensor – so while a 12MP three times digital zoom image would be reduced to about 4MP, a 12MP three times optical zoom image would be a full 12MP. Using optics (hence the name), your camera lens magnifies the image that lands on its sensor. The second type of zoom – optical zoom – is widely seen as better. Generally speaking, therefore, digital zoom is the less desirable type of zoom. A 12MP photo, for example, would turn into a 3MP photo if you digitally zoomed or cropped into it, thereby degrading quality. Naturally, the more you crop, the lower the quality of the photo you end up with. As a result, even if the zoom feature wasn't available in the camera, you could emulate a digital zoom by simply cropping a photo.
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